Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Mali, The Niger, Western Sahara, Mauritania. Most oil products now go to the growing domestic market, making the oil industry a less important source of external revenue. Solar energy These chotts are marshes (often salty) in low-lying areas. Algeria consists of three main geographical zones, each with its own climate. Algerian state enterprises have formed joint ventures with these foreign firms in order to expand production and gain access to state-of-the-art technology for exploiting precious metals. Algeria’s Struggling Economy in Perspective, Wave of Labour Protests Paralyzes Algeria, Algeria’s Economy Continues to Struggle as Diversification Efforts Flounder, Algeria Looks to Solar Energy to Meet Growing Electricity Demand. This caused problems in the postcolonial era, when Morocco claimed large parts of south-western Algeria, leading to the brief ‘War of the Sands’ in 1963. The water supplies in the plains area are concentrated in natural reservoirs. Find worksheets about Geography of Algeria. The production of oil began in 1956 in the desert region of Hassi Messaoud. The Tell. Africa, the second-largest continent, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean.It is divided in half almost equally by the Equator. These are Tunisia, Libya, and Niger to the northeast, east, and southeast respectively. The desert contains significant groundwater reserves that permit palm trees and some other crops to grow. Within the approximately 1200 km long Mediterranean coast lies a distinctly mountainous landscape. Corals and sponges are used in industrial applications. Morocco is geographically located in Northern Africa along the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Can be used for coloring. This has obliged the country to make substantial investments in water management. The map illustrates Algeria's landscape which consists mostly of high plateaus and the Sahara Desert. The country also has substantial reserves of iron ore (which has formed the basis of the Algerian steel industry), and precious metals such as gold, and diamonds. Algeria is one of the few countries in the world that can say it owes no other country. Geography and Climate. Its Arabic name, Al Jazair (the islands), derives from the name of the capital Algiers (Al Jazair in Arabic), after the small islands formerly found in its harbor. During French rule, the country became a major supplier of wine and of fruits such as oranges. In 1995, the country's external… The landscape transitions from Sahara Desert in … Algeria is bordered by Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Western Sahara, and Morocco. Four-fifths of the country lies in the Sahara desert. The high plateaus stretch for more than 372 miles (600 km) and consist of undulating, steppe-like plains averaging 3,608 - 4,265 ft (1,100 - 1,300 m) and dropping to 1,312 ft (400 m) as you move east. Annaba 342,703 5. Algiers ( 2,364,230) 2. Because this region also includes the most cultivated, urbanized, and industrialized parts of the country, its environment is under pressure. In contrast, the High Plains that extend south of the Atlas get far less rain. But even the desert is far from lifeless, as it contains many plants and animals that have adapted to the harsh environment, making efficient use of the scarce water resources. After that disaster it was rebuilt and renamed Chlef. As the Prime Meridian passes through the country, it has territory in both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Africa has eight major physical regions: the Sahara, the Sahel, the Ethiopian Highlands, the savanna, … Exploration of Saharan areas further south revealed other important hydrocarbon reserves in the regions of In Salah and In Amenas. In earlier times, the long grass was also used in basket-making. The environment is under threat from many directions. With 2.2 percent of the world’s proven natural gas reserves, Algeria is less important than major producers such as Russia, Iran, and Qatar. The Atlas mountains sit to the north, and the Ahaggar Massif is southeast. Population pressure and the emphasis on industrialization have made it difficult to maintain large areas of unspoiled nature in northern Algeria, with the exception of parts of the Atlas mountains. This page was last updated on November 9, 2020, All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com, Countries Receiving The Least Development Assistance, The 10 Largest City Parks In The United States. The programme may allow all the parties involved to reduce their great dependence on the trade and use of hydrocarbons, which are pollutants and contribute to global warming. In Algeria, the largest African country, there are three types of climate: the mild Mediterranean climate of the coast (zone 1 on the map), the transitional climate of the northern hills and mountains (zone 2), which is a little more continental and moderately rainy, and finally, the desert climate of the vast area occupied by the Sahara (zone 3). The climate in the north is typically Mediterranean: summers are generally hot, and winters are moderate but can be very rainy. The Senate or Council of the Nation (Conseil Nationale, 144 seats) comprises representatives from the country’s provinces (wilayat, sing. The variety of tree species planted was insufficient, which prevented the creation of a true ecosystem, and those that were planted were often were eaten by sheep and goats. The highest point of the country is Mt. The most famous products are the dates from the regions of Tolga and Biskra; they are the most important export product after oil and gas. Natural Resources Many species survive in refuges in the nearby mountainous regions, where oaks, pines, and the Atlas cedar abound. Wild boar and the occasional bear survive here, as do the often more visible groups of monkeys. The Mediterranean coast in the north is rocky, with scattered sand beaches. The central area of the Mzab valley, with its main town, Ghardaïa, has historically been home to the Ibadi religious minority, constituting a successful trading community. After it was destroyed by an earthquake in 1954, it was rebuilt after the war of independence and renamed al-Asnam but suffered the same fate in 1980, leaving thousands dead. Algeria’s climatic regions and landscapes can be divided into four sections … A View of Chamomile flowers inside olive groves in the endagered rural province of Redjas.jpg 2,048 × … The most populated areas in the coastal plains lie on the edge of this zone. Lake Chott Melrhir is an endorheic (closed basin) salt lake whose size varies throughout the year, yet is the largest lake in Algeria with its maximum area about 2,600 sq. The inhabitants of the oases have also been able to cultivate vegetables that need more water by drilling wells, building irrigations systems, and creating a network of low walls to keep the sands out. The desert city of Ghardaïa, for example, experienced large floods in October 2008. During the French colonial era, this region became an important source of grains and fruits such as oranges and figs. In addition, precious metals are found in the remote corners of the desert. There are the underground riches of oil and natural gas that have shaped the course of Algerian history since independence. The Mediterranean Sea has always held abundant fish, which provided a living for many coastal communities, but some species are becoming rare on account of overexploitation and pollution. The driest parts of the Sahara can remain rainless for years, but unpredictable rains sometimes fall in torrents that can have a devastating impact. The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is Africa's largest country, stretching from the Sahara desert to the Mediterranean Sea. Far from being a uniform mass of sand, the Algerian Sahara offers a varied landscape of mountain ranges, sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and oases filled with thousands of palm trees. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Algeria - Algeria - Economy: Algeria’s economy is dominated by its export trade in petroleum and natural gas, commodities that, despite fluctuations in world prices, annually contribute roughly one-third of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). It is situated on the Mediterranean coast of Africa about midway between Tangier and Tunis, opposite Majorca. Algeria comprises 2,381,741 square kilometers of land, more than four-fifths of which is desert, in northern Africa, between Morocco and Tunisia. A geological feature that has occasionally affected the country severely is the location of northern Algeria in the zone where the African and European tectonic plates meet, resulting in a high risk of earthquakes. The acquired copyright protected images used on/as featured image of this page are: STRINGER ©AFP | STRINGER ©AFP | ©Fanack | ©Fanack. It is bordered by Algeria and Libya and it is considered the northernmost country of Africa. The Mediterranean Sea is to the north, and to the south are Mauritania, Mali, and Niger. The surface of the desert has several remarkable features. Throughout history, the Atlas has allowed rural communities in mountain valleys and in remote desert and plain regions to live isolated from the rest of the country. Underground water resources made possible permanent settlement of communities in oasis towns. Freedom fighters? Many bays are formed where the mountains reach the sea. Batna 289,504 7. The variety of animals shown in these pictures is a good indication of the very different climate prevailing then. Economy. Algeria’s economy was too dependent on oil and when oil prices fell during the 1908s oil glut, the country faced a lot of hardship which led to social unrest. Algeria is bordered by seven countries. This programme, managed by the army, has been only partly successful. Currently Algeria is the twelfth largest exporter of petroleum in the world. It is bordered by Algeria and Western Sahara. km. Land Fertility The southern borders, drawn in the Sahara desert, are not easily guarded, providing opportunities for smuggling and illegal migration. Geography of Algeria. Tahat at 9,850 ft. (3,003 m); the lowest point is Lake Chott Melrhir at -131 ft. (-40 m). Stretching from east to west, the mountain range forms a natural barrier between the coastal plains and the interior. Algeria ăljēr´ēə , Arab. In most cases, the borders were delineated by the European colonial powers, especially France. Media in category "Geography of Algeria" The following 44 files are in this category, out of 44 total. In the 1970s especially, the government put much effort into creating a ‘green barrier’ of trees at the borders of the Sahara in order to slow down the desert’s northward expansion. Most successful has been the designation of national parks, mainly in the south. population geography Algeria's earliest inhabitants were Berbers who remained in the mountainous regions through Roman, Vandal, and Byzantine raids and colonization. Winters can be cold, and summers are hot. Through the use of artificial lakes, the improvement of water pipelines, and the construction of desalination plants, the situation has improved recently. In winter, daytime temperatures are comfortable, but night can be freezing cold, because much of the heat originating from solar radiation during the day can escape the surface through the cloudless night-time sky. Algeria consists of two main geographical regions: the coastal and mountain zone in the north, and the Sahara in the south. Geography and Climate of Morocco . Major oil and gas fields lie in the northern Sahara. In order to process the crude oil, the country has built a significant oil-refining and petrochemical capacity. The country also has a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea to the north. Geography Nearly four times the size of Texas and the largest country on the continent, Algeria is bordered on the west by Morocco and Western Sahara and on the east by Tunisia and Libya. Desert lakes? miles). At 2.38 million square kilometers (919,595.3 sq. Each climate zone has its own plant and animal life. Africas physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately. Algérie, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, republic (2015 est. Biodiversity and Natural Environment Mali is a landlocked country in West Africa with an area of 1,240,192 sq. Algeria is situated along the North African coast, bordered to the east by Tunisia and Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, and to the west by Mauritania and Morocco. Algiers is the most populous one and hosts the national capital of Algiers. Algeria Bordering Countries: The Atlas Mountains are home to nut and fruit trees as well. The plains consist of grasslands and small bushes that traditionally provided pasturage for sheep and goats. It is Africa's second-largest country with 1,200km (750 miles) of coastline. Most of the cities in Algeria are near the coast. Tunisia has a long history that dates back to ancient times. Free download and print out for educational, school, or classroom use. With summits – such as that of the famous Jurjura Mountain in the Kabylia region –over 2,000 metres, the Atlas range can accumulate deep snow in winter. For the Romans, the cultivation of grain in these fertile areas made Algeria the breadbasket of the empire. On the other side of the Atlas, the High Plains (Hauts Plateaux) form a semi-arid zone. The Tassili n’Ajjer (‘plain of rivers’) still contains much groundwater, held in the sandstone that predominates there. Until 1962 the economy was based largely on agriculture and complemented France’s economy. Despite the costs involved and the technical difficulties, this programme, involving specialized foreign construction firms, is of sufficient strategic importance that the state is continuing them. Ten new provinces were added  as of December 2019 : Timimoune, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Ouled Djellal, Beni Abbes, In Salah, In Guezzam, Touggourt, Djanet, El-Meghaier and El-Menia. Geography of Algeria. The Atlas Mountains are never far from the coastal plains, and the rocks seem, in some places, to plunge right into sea. Algeria accounts for 2.4 percent of global gas production. Today, oil and natural gas buried beneath the desert sands provide the basis for the Algerian economy. km, Tamanghasset is the largest province. Attempts to bring steppe areas under cultivation have resulted in the depletion of the soils, and ecosystems are being changed by desertification. Topography of Algeria : 12 cities 1. Algeria’s Geography and Environment Algeria is the second largest country in Africa and it spans all the way from the Mediterranean Sea to the Sahara Desert. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. In the Sahara, other solutions have to be found that are not always sustainable. Industrialization, population growth, the war of independence, and the civil war of the 1990s have left their traces in the landscape and the ecosystem. It is the largest country in Africa. Over the years, however, the awareness of desertification and the environmental impact of economic activities has grown. South of the higher Atlas peaks, the lower rainfall makes for far less vegetation and animal life. Being on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, the land of Algeria was part of some of the great Mediterranean empires over the course of history. State Borders The Mediterranean Sea lies to the north. Since the division of Sudan in 2011, Algeria is the largest country of Africa. The Numidians were known for their army which rode horses, or cavalry. Algeria has a bicameral Parliament. Algeria consists of three main geographical zones, each with its own climate. Wine grapes, one of the main products in colonial times, are still being grown, particularly in the region of Mascara, in the north-west. An alternative though more expensive option is to produce drinking water from seawater by desalination. The fertile Tell is the country's heartland, containing most of its cities and population. In the north, the Mediterranean Sea dominates the fertile coastal plains that extend up to the Atlas Mountains. It is located in the Northern Hemisphere.
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